Interinstitutional Scientific Conference " In the world of the Arabic language. Dedicated to the 90th anniversary of G. Sh. Sharbatov's birth" was organized and held by the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences on October 22, 2014. It was attended by Russian Arabists from leading scientific institutes and educational institutions of the country (Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Institute of Oriental Countries, Peoples ' Friendship University of Russia, Institute of Asian and African Countries of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow State Linguistic University, National Research University "Higher School of Economics"). school of economics").

The conference was opened by Z. M. Chaliapina, Head of the Department of Languages of Asian and African Peoples of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. She noted the contribution of Grigory Sharbatov to Oriental studies, to which he devoted his entire life, writing about 300 scientific papers on the Arabic language and literature, the history of Arabic studies, lexicology and lexicography. All his main scientific activity was connected with the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences (RAS), where he worked for 50 years. Z. M. Chaliapina mentioned the famous textbook by G. Sh.Sharbatov and A. A. Kovalev, which was used to educate more than one generation of Arabists. It was first published in 1960 and has since been reprinted seven times, enjoying continued success with Arabic language learners. In conclusion, Z. M. Chaliapina expressed regret that the Arabic-Russian Dictionary of the Modern Egyptian Spoken Language compiled by G. S. Sharbatov has not yet been published, although it was prepared for publication by the publishing house "Oriental Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences". The significance of this dictionary, compiled by G. S. Sharbatov on the basis of materials of linguistic expeditions, for domestic Arabic studies is difficult to overestimate, since it is the first large dictionary of the Egyptian dialect and surpasses in its volume all other similar lexicographic publications in this field. At the end of Z. M. Chaliapina read out a letter from R. Sharafutdinova, a former graduate student of G. Sharbatov, who shared her memories of her supervisor and described him as "a wonderful scientist, a great worker of science and a wonderful person."

After the opening of the conference, his daughter Alla Grigoryevna told about the life and work of G. Sh.Sharbatov. She described in detail the childhood and youth of her father, who, like many other representatives of that generation, participated in the Great Patriotic War and was wounded several times. He was awarded two medals "For Military Merit" (in 1945 and 1946), and in subsequent years - the Order of the Patriotic War (1985) and ten jubilee medals. A. G. Sharbatova told about the period of her father's training at the Military Institute of Foreign Languages, where such specialists in domestic Arabic studies as H. K. Baranov, B. M. Grande, K. V. Ode-Vasilyeva and others A. G. Sharbatova spoke about her father's love for the Arab world and his dream to visit all Arab countries without exception. Sharbatov not only repeatedly delivered scientific reports and lecture cycles in Egypt, Sudan, Iraq, Tunisia, Syria, Lebanon, Algeria and other countries of the Arab East, but was also elected an academician in these countries. The award of the Gamal Abdel Nasser International Prize in 1973 was a recognition of his achievements and achievements for the Arab world. In conclusion, A. G. Sharbatova thanked the organizers of the conference and all those present for the attention paid to preserving the memory of her father, and expressed hope that such scientific forums will become traditional.

N. D. Finkelberg (Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation) continued the theme of memories of G. Sh. Sharbatov's creative life and activity. In the report "Grigory Shamilevich Sharbatov: lexicographer and teacher", she told about her work with the hero of the day on the first Russian-Arabic educational dictionary created specifically for Arabs. Acting as one of the editors of this lexicographic manual in the publishing house, N. D. Finkelberg could not fail to note the creative nature of its author, which was manifested in each new dictionary compiled by him. Arabic lexicology and lexicography became the true vocation of the scholar. N. D. Finkelberg also spoke about G. S. Sharbatov's talent as a teacher, about his desire to constantly improve his own knowledge and encourage others not to stop there. Concluding her speech, N. D. Finkelberg emphasized G. S. Sharbatov's exactingness to himself and others, his insatiable thirst for knowledge, which is characteristic of him throughout his life.

The second session of the conference was opened by B. S. Khrakovsky (Institute of Linguistic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences). In the report "Applicative derivation in Arabic", he described how he was one of the first to apply the principles of actant derivation to the material of the Arabic language. In particular, the scientist showed the use of applicative derivation on the example of the third generation of the Arabic verb kataba "to write". In this case, in the derived construction with a transitive verb to the position of the second actant (direct complement), a participant in the situation is introduced, performing the roles of Addressee, Benefactive, Malefactive, etc., which in the original construction occupied the position of the third syntactic actant (indirect complement). In his research, B. C. Khrakovsky also considered reciprocal derivation using the example of the verb of the VI breed takātaba "to correspond", which is transformed from the III breed. In this case, both participants in the situation called verb VIB act as Agents and Addressees and participate equally in it. In this case, the situation takes on the meaning of repetition, in contrast to the process character of the situation, expressed by the verb of the third breed. In addition, the speaker analyzed other variants of applicative derivation. B.C. Khrakovsky shared with the audience his memories of G. S. Sharbatov, whom he first met at an Arabistic conference in 1959. B.C. Khrakovsky spoke warmly about the outstanding Orientalist, who helped him (at that time a graduate student) to clarify the importance of coverage the same question from different perspectives.

Questions of Arabic grammar were discussed in the report "The Arab time System: a road map", presented by V. V. Lebedev (ISAA MSU). The author used the "road map" as a method of presenting the Arabic time system. He outlined a general vision of the object of research, which has an undeniable systemic character, identified its starting points and main nodes, vectors of their interrelations and cause-effect relations, tracked in detail the semantic and morphological relations between neighboring links of the Arabic time system, conducted a complete revision of this system and its visualization. The researcher chose the following predicative constructions as the core of the system of Arabic temporal forms: 1) al-waladu rassamun "the boy artist"; 2) rasama l-waladu "the boy drew"; 3) uarsimi l-waladu "the boy draws". They constitute the first, basic level of the Arabic temporal system.

a system that includes two subsystems: nominal and verbal. At the second and third levels (extended and integral) of the Arabic time system presented in the form of a table, V. V. Lebedev demonstrated examples that illustrate the appearance of modality and aspectuality categories in the Arabic verb and noun sentences in addition to the meaning of time. The participants were very interested in the system of oppositions described by the speaker, which are formed by predicative constructions of the core of the Arab time system. V. V. Lebedev's speech caused a heated scientific discussion about the definiteness/uncertainty of the word hun a "here" in the expression hun a rass a mun "here is an artist" in comparison with the constructions mu ђ ammadun rass a mun "Muhammad is an artist" and huwa rass a mun "he is an artist".

A. G. Belova (IV RAS) in the report " Ancient Arabic vocabulary: what is preserved in modern Arabic dialects?" She compared the vocabulary of selected texts of ancient Arabic poetry with the corresponding vocabulary in modern Arabic dialects. She noted that out of 410 root units of significant vocabulary obtained by continuous sampling, 80 units (i.e., 20%) do not correspond in the available dialect materials. The results of a preliminary analysis conducted by A. G. Belova allow us to conclude that the basic vocabulary of the studied ancient Arabic texts, including the names of body parts, kinship terms, designations of natural objects and phenomena, etc., is preserved in modern Arabic dialects almost without any special semantic changes. At the same time, dialect materials do not correspond to the so-called special "poetic vocabulary". This includes poetic epithets, augmentatives, expressive vocabulary, vocabulary of sound-forming origin, etc. Modern dialects of urban type do not correspond to the specialized vocabulary of the archaic society of pastoralists who lead a nomadic lifestyle (for example, such concepts as "wander in search of pasture", "wander at random", "underfeed your cattle", etc.). A. G. Belova gave numerous examples of semantic changes that occur with the old Arabic vocabulary in modern languages. She also commented on the process of expanding the word-formation nest in different dialects by expanding and narrowing the meaning. In particular, the cases of semantic transformation of the verbs of the Semitic root fund warada "to go down to the watering place, water" and sadara"to go away from the watering place, reservoir" into the units of modern Arabic colloquial language warrada "to import" and saddara "to export"attracted much attention of the Arabists present.

Etymological problems in the framework of semitological research were discussed in the report of O. V. Stolbova (Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences) "Arabic parallels as an important component in the work on Chadian etymologies". Arabic is the main source of lexical borrowing for the Chadian languages of Nigeria, Cameroon, and Ghana. According to the speaker, the stability of the phonetic system of the Arabic language and its almost complete identity with Afrasian makes it possible to use Arabic cognates to verify the Chadian phonetic reconstruction. O. V. Stolbova explained that Arabic parallels are especially important in the reconstruction of sibilant affricates and postvelar spirants, since all phonemes of these series are poorly identified on the Chadian material. The Arabic vocabulary also provides significant help in identifying so-called "root variants" (similar in semantics to roots with alternating consonants) in the Chadian material. In addition, O. V. Stolbova used concrete examples to show the most interesting Chadian-Arabic parallels from a phonetic or semantic point of view. Most of them relate to names related to hunting and stalking animals, as well as names of insects and agricultural terms.

Two reports prepared by A. Y. Krylov (Institute of Oriental Studies) and his son A. A. Krylov (Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation) were devoted to a relatively new direction in linguistics - emotionology. They opened the third session of the conference. A. Y. Krylov in his report "Rhetorical figures of Arabs as a means of influencing the audience" highlighted the specifics of using speech figures as a means of emotional impact, which is typical for oratory and oral-colloquial speech. In the public speeches of Arab politicians, there is often an interweaving and interaction of the means of the Arabic literary language and Arabic colloquial dialect languages, due to which a special rhythm inherent in the dialect is developed. This helps to achieve maximum expressiveness of the statement and increase its emotivity. A. Y. Krylov analyzed in detail the rhetorical figures characteristic of Arabic oratory (anaphora, epiphora, antithesis, parallelism, etc.). As an example of Arabic rhetorical art, he used the speeches of the president

Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, who for the first time began to address the people in a dialect language that he understood, which made a strong impression on the audience. Drawing on the material of other spoken languages in addition to the Egyptian dialect, the speaker clearly demonstrated the widespread use of speech figures as rhetorical stylistic and syntactic structures, which are an effective means of emotional and expressive influence on the recipient.

A. A. Krylov in his report "Phonational features accompanying Arabic and Russian speech" analyzed one of the aspects of emotivity. One of the most striking paralinguistic means that accompanies speech is sound phonation, which characterizes the physiological characteristics of a particular communicant, his psychological and emotional state in a particular speech situation. The properties of phonation include the strength of the voice, its sonority, creakiness, whisperiness, breathiness, timbre, oratorical pauses, etc. A. A. Krylov spoke about bright phonation means for expressing joy and delight in Arabs, which are achieved by rapid movements of the tip of the tongue in the oral cavity (analogous to hooting), by whistling, etc. On the contrary, in Russian-speaking culture, such actions are often accompanied by negative emotions. The repeated mention of the name of Allah also gives Arabic speech a great expressive color, this technique is very common in many life situations in the Arabic-speaking society and is even used as a battle cry, as opposed to the Russian-speaking exclamation "hurrah". A curious case of differences between the phonational features of Arabic and Russian speech mentioned by the speaker is the use of the extended phoneme [i], which in Arabic expresses delight and approval, and in Russian can mean displeasure and disappointment. In addition, A. A. Krylov considered the similarity between phonation tools present in both languages and reflecting the cultural and psycholinguistic features of the Arabic-speaking and Russian-speaking language personality.

Issues relevant to modern Arabic studies were also discussed in the report of graduate student E. A. Sabinina (IB RAS) "The Arabic newspaper headline as an object of research". She reflected in her work the different views of Russian and foreign linguists on the problems of newspaper titles, conditionally dividing them into several areas: 1) stylistic (A. L. Spirkin); 2) functional (E. A. Zhukovskaya); 3) graphic design (A. Y. Krylov); 4) syntactic (J. Watson). The second part of the report, devoted to the work of scholars of the Arab East on this topic, was extremely informative, and it caused a lively response from the audience. Arabic linguists distinguish such characteristics of a newspaper headline as compliance with the content and nature of the message ("light" or "light" headline), information saturation, compliance with the newspaper style, reliability, comprehensibility, clarity for the reader, etc. They pay great attention to the ways of graphic design of newspaper titles, which are manifested in the following types of headlines: "free-standing headline", "inverted pyramid", "suspended headline", "regular pyramid", etc. As E. A. pointed out. E. A. Sabinina, Arab researchers do not consider the newspaper headline as an autonomous phenomenon, unlike a number of Russian linguists, and emphasize its informational and communicative function. E. A. Sabinina noted the lack of coverage of the features of the Arabic newspaper headline and the need for its further study.

The final session of the conference was characterized by a sociolinguistic focus and included a discussion of the functioning of the Arabic language in various countries of the world. Former student of G. Sh. Sharbatov N. B. Kovyrshina (RUDN University) in her report "The model of the language situation in Algeria at the present stage" told about her participation in the international conference "Methods of teaching foreign languages at different levels of education", organized by the Alzhir-1 University named after V. A. Sharbatov. Ben Yousef Benkeddy. According to the author, there is some instability of the language situation in modern Algeria. Along with the State policy to promote the Arabic literary language among the Algerian population, the Algerian spoken language is widely spoken here, which is the native language of 73% of the country's population. Despite the active processes of Arabization that have been carried out with the support of the government since the 70s of the XX century, the French language retains its significance in Algeria and is gradually transformed under the influence of borrowings from the Arabic literary language and Berber dialects into a new regional version specific to this territory. At the same time, educated young people are increasingly using the English language in everyday speech. N. B. Kovyrshina added that in accordance with the last of the-

Due to changes in the State policy in Algeria, Berber languages (Kabyle, Tamahak and Tamazirt dialects) acquire a new status of national languages, some of them, along with Arabic as a literary language and European languages, are introduced into school curricula and acquire their own writing and literature.

The question of the development of the Arabic language in Africa was raised in the report of A. A. Blinov (Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences) "On some features of the Arabic language in Djibouti". Although Djibouti is rarely studied by scholars, the author provided a detailed overview of the development of the Arabic language in this country and described its current state. He thoroughly analyzed the demographic composition of the actual Arab population of Djibouti and clarified the features of the country's formal and non-formal education system, focusing on the role of the Arabic language in the organization of education. To date, Arabic is almost never used in everyday communication by residents of Djibouti - it is the native language of only 5% of the population, which is dominated by the Kushite Issa and Afar peoples. However, the Government of the country is doing everything possible to increase the importance of the Arabic language in various spheres of life. According to the speaker, this is facilitated by the introduction of Arabic as a compulsory subject starting from the first grade of primary school. The dissemination of the Arabic language in the country is carried out through the mass media: the press, radio and television. Blinov suggested that the Arabic language should retain its position in the near future due to the attentive attitude of the state to issues of language policy and the language situation and the firmly rooted Islamic traditions in the minds of the Djibouti people.

At the end of the conference, L. A. Chuprygina (HSE) made a presentation on "Maltese from an Arabic dialect to a national language". She demonstrated the results of studying the modern Maltese language, which has received the status of the state language. The analysis carried out by the author on the basis of linguistic material confirms that the dominant Arabic language is so stable that it remains in the Maltese language for almost a millennium of development of the latter in isolation from the mother language, surrounded by languages of other language groups and families. Using the written texts of various functional styles and audio recordings of native speakers collected in 2010-2013, L. A. Chuprygina illustrated with concrete examples that the Maltese language is an original mixture of Arabic and Italian influences that have penetrated all language levels. The essential characteristics of the Arabic language are shown in the names of cities in Malta (Mdina, Rabat, Zeitoun, etc.), surnames (Buhadjar, Mikallef, etc.), archaeological sites (Saracen cemetery in Malta), and much more. After analyzing the dialogues offered by the researcher from the Maltese language, the Arabists present came to the conclusion that the traces of Arabic in the Maltese language are indisputable.

In conclusion, the conference participants thanked the CoE organizers: the Department of Asian and African Languages of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, its head Z. M. Chaliapina and the scientific secretary of the conference A. S. Panina for the opportunity to discuss topical issues of Arabic studies, highly appreciated the level of reports read and expressed their desire that such meetings become a tradition. The main content of the reports is reflected in the collection of abstracts of the conference; in the future, it is planned to publish its materials in a separate edition.

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