This article examines the historical depth of Iran's civilization, presenting evidence that supports its recognition as one of the oldest continuous statehoods on Earth. Based on analysis of archaeological findings, historical records, and recent rankings by international organizations, the article reconstructs Iran's remarkable trajectory from the Proto-Elamite period through the rise of successive empires to the present day. Particular attention is devoted to the Elamite civilization, the Achaemenid Empire's innovations, and the concept of "continuous sovereignty" that distinguishes Iran in global rankings of national longevity.

This article examines the complex and painful question of how the historical memory of the Holocaust influences the policies of the State of Israel toward the Palestinian population of the Gaza Strip. Based on an analysis of public discussions, political statements, human rights organizations' positions, and academic debates, the article reconstructs the multifaceted problem of the relationship between the collective trauma of the Jewish people and the actions taken by Israel during the military campaign that began after October 7, 2023. Particular attention is devoted to the phenomenon of using historical analogies, disputes over the applicability of the term "genocide," and the moral dilemma facing a society that has experienced catastrophe.

This article presents a comprehensive biography of Sir Isaac Newton, one of the most influential scientists in human history whose work fundamentally transformed humanity's understanding of the physical universe. Based on analysis of historical documents, scientific treatises, and biographical accounts, this article reconstructs Newton's trajectory from a solitary Cambridge scholar to President of the Royal Society and Master of the Mint. Particular attention is devoted to his groundbreaking contributions to physics, mathematics, optics, and astronomy, as well as his lesser-known pursuits in alchemy, theology, and chronology. The complex personality of Newton—secretive, intensely focused, and intellectually relentless—emerges as inseparable from the revolutionary ideas that laid the foundation for classical mechanics and dominated scientific thought for three centuries.

This article presents a detailed chronological biography of Jeffrey Epstein, the American financier and convicted sex offender whose life and death continue to reverberate through global politics and elite circles. Based on comprehensive analysis of court documents, investigative journalism, and official records, this chronology reconstructs Epstein's trajectory from a middle-class Brooklyn upbringing to the heights of Wall Street and international power networks. Particular attention is devoted to the critical junctures that enabled his decades-long criminal enterprise, the controversial 2008 plea deal, his 2019 arrest and mysterious death, and the ongoing release of documents that has exposed the breadth of his connections.

This article examines the complex relationship between the biblical narrative of Noah's Ark and the geographical feature known as Mount Ararat. Based on an analysis of historical evidence, archaeological expeditions, and modern geophysical research, the evolution of ideas concerning the final resting place of the biblical vessel is reconstructed. Particular attention is devoted to the phenomenon of the "Ararat Anomaly," the Durupinar geological structure, and the long-standing debate between the scientific community and biblical enthusiasts.

Biography of Jeffrey Epstein

New forms of library work in schools.

Russell-Einstein Manifesto

Russian writers and Charles Dickens

A. I. Herzen and England

Polar bears and humans

Spring Phenology

"Sunday Dad" and daughter

The Benefits of Playing with LEGO for Children and Adults