Roman law: the foundation of modern jurisprudence

This article examines the phenomenon of United States involvement in operations to eliminate foreign leaders, which has gained renewed attention in connection with the dramatic events of 2025–2026—the abduction of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and the death of Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei in a joint US-Israeli strike. Based on analysis of historical documents, expert assessments, and international legal norms, the evolution of US approaches to using coercive methods for regime change is reconstructed. Particular attention is devoted to the contradiction between the official ban on political assassinations and the persistent practice of their application under new legal justifications.

This article examines the phenomenon of the United States' involvement in operations aimed at eliminating foreign leaders, which has gained new resonance in connection with the high-profile events of 2025–2026—the abduction of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and the death of Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei as a result of an American-Israeli strike. Based on analysis of historical documents, expert assessments, and international-law norms, the evolution of the United States' approaches to the use of force for regime change is reconstructed. Special attention is paid to the contradiction between the official prohibition on political assassinations and the continuing practice of their use under new legal justifications.

In this article, the phenomenon of anti-personnel mines as a type of weapon posing a particular humanitarian threat is examined. Based on analysis of international conventions, statistical data, and historical evidence, a comprehensive picture of the impact of this weapon on the civilian population, the international community's efforts to ban it, and current trends related to a number of states withdrawing from the Ottawa Convention is reconstructed. Special attention is given to defining anti-personnel mines, their classification, the history of their use, and the current state of the problem.

This article presents a comprehensive biography of Sir Isaac Newton, one of the most influential scientists in human history whose work fundamentally transformed humanity's understanding of the physical universe. Based on analysis of historical documents, scientific treatises, and biographical accounts, this article reconstructs Newton's trajectory from a solitary Cambridge scholar to President of the Royal Society and Master of the Mint. Particular attention is devoted to his groundbreaking contributions to physics, mathematics, optics, and astronomy, as well as his lesser-known pursuits in alchemy, theology, and chronology. The complex personality of Newton—secretive, intensely focused, and intellectually relentless—emerges as inseparable from the revolutionary ideas that laid the foundation for classical mechanics and dominated scientific thought for three centuries.

Signs of unethical conduct by a lawyer

Alienation as a Legal Advocacy Strategy