Futurism in architecture: from the speed manifest to digital parametricism Futurism in architecture is not a single style, but a collection of ideological currents united by the desire to express the spirit of technological progress, speed, dynamics, and a break with the historical past. Its evolution can be traced from the radical manifestos of the early 20th century to modern bio-tech and digital parametric structures that embody the futurist utopia in new materials and technologies. Historical futurism (1909-1940s): manifestos and unimplemented projects Origins lie in the Futurist Manifesto by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (1909), which proclaimed the cult of machines, speed, danger, and aggression. Architectural embodiment was formulated by Antonio Sant'Elia in the Manifesto of Futurist Architecture (1914) and a series of drawings "Città Nuova" (New City). Key principles of Sant'Elia: Architecture as a machine: Buildings should be functional, dynamic, resembling giant mechanisms. Elevators are placed on facades like "steel serpents". Abandonment of decoration and historicism: Ornament is a crime. Aesthetics are born from new construction (reinforced concrete, glass, steel). Verticality and multi-levelness: Multi-story cities with separate traffic flows (cars, trains, pedestrians) on different levels. Temporality and changeability: Buildings should be short-lived so that each generation can build its own world. Interesting fact: Sant'Elia died at the age of 28 during World War I, having not built any buildings. His ideas remained on paper but became prophetic. His sketches anticipated skyscrapers in the art deco style of the 1930s (such as the Chrysler Building in New York) and later — brutalism. Post-war futurism (1950s-1970s): the space age and megastructures After World War II, futurism took shape in the belief in the boundless possibilities of technology and the conquest of space. Googie and populist futurism in the United States. Architecture of cafes, gas stati ... Read more