Christmas and New Year's Mood: Neurobiology, Cultural Psychology and Ritual Introduction: Mood as a Complex Phenomenon “Christmas mood” is not just a common expression, but a complex psychophysiological and sociocultural phenomenon, combining a complex of emotions, cognitive attitudes, and behavioral reactions. From a scientific point of view, it represents the result of the interaction of several factors: seasonal biological changes, cultural programming through rituals, social expectations, and individual memory. Christmas mood, with a more pronounced religious and family coloring, often serves as its constituent part or basis, forming a unified festive chronotope lasting from late December to the first week of January. Neurobiological foundations: the chemistry of the holiday The subjective feeling of the holiday has a material basis in the brain, related to the work of neurotransmitters and hormones. Dopamine — a neurotransmitter of expectation and reward. The period of preparation (Advent, choosing gifts, planning) stimulates its production. The anticipation of the holiday (“dopamine anticipation”) often turns out to be even stronger than the experience of the event itself. This hypothesis is confirmed by studies showing a peak of happiness in people before the holiday. Serotonin and melatonin — regulators of seasonal rhythms. In winter, with the reduction of daylight hours, the level of serotonin (“the hormone of good mood”) may decrease, which contributes to seasonal affective disorder. However, bright festive lighting (garlands, lights) and rituals are a cultural mechanism of compensation for this deficit, artificially stimulating vitality. Oxytocin — the “bonding hormone”. It is activated during family gatherings, banquets, gift-giving, and physical contact (hugs, kisses under the mistletoe). It strengthens the feeling of trust, closeness, and warmth, which is a key component of the Christmas mood. Endorphins are released during laughter, festive fe ... Read more